Розширення БРІКС як фактор посилення міжнародної напруги
Анотація
У контексті трансформації світового порядку та зростаючого впливу країн Глобального Півдня особливого значення набуває вивчення ролі й потенційного впливу блоку БРІКС на сучасну систему міжнародних відносин. Метою проведеного дослідження було визначення аспектів функціонування блоку БРІКС у 21 столітті для окреслення можливих загроз для міжнародних відносин. Методами контент-аналіз проаналізовані новини Reuters, Deutche Welle, інформаційний бюлетень U.S. Department of State, стаття World Economic Forum, аналітичний звіт Council on Foreign Relations. Методом дискурс-аналізу досліджено думки щодо БРІКС політиків та експертів. Результати дослідження продемонстрували, що ідея БРІКС з’явилася на початку 2000-х років, а остаточне формування блоку відбувалося у 2006-2009 роках. Подальше розширення блоку може додатково поляризувати міжнародні відносини, особливо враховуючи відхід країн, що розвиваються, від таких інституцій як Міжнародний валютний фонд чи Світовий банк на користь New Development Bank, який був створений у 2013 році. Виявлено, що співробітництво в рамках БРІКС може створити прецеденти координації голосів на міжнародних майданчиках, як це відбувається під час голосувань на Генеральній Асамблеї Організації Об’єднаних Націй. Потенційним фактором посилення міжнародної напруги визначено можливість агресивних урядів уникати ефекту від накладених на них санкцій через співробітництво у БРІКС, зокрема через використання інших систем по типу Cross-Border Interbank Payment System, а не Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications. Проте до Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications залучено 11 000 банківських установ, тоді як до Cross-Border Interbank Payment System лише 1300 установ. Таким чином, розширення БРІКС може стати елементом посилення міжнародної напруги, проте лише у довгостроковій перспективі, оскільки країни БРІКС не мають чіткого бачення розвитку блоку та конфліктують одна з одною. Практичне значення дослідження полягає у оцінці геополітичних наслідків розширення БРІКС, що може бути корисним для урядів, аналітичних центрів чи міжнародних організацій
Ключові слова
санкції; геополітика; місцеві валюти; міжнародна торгівля; глобальне управління; поляризація
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ЦИТУВАТИ
Xhelili, S.
(2025).
BRICS expansion as a factor of increasing international tension.
Foreign Affairs,
35(4),
130-140.
https://doi.org/10.59214/2663-2675.35(3).2025.130