Нормативне значення принципу невтручання в сучасному міжнародному праві
Анотація
Принцип невтручання набуває особливої актуальності в умовах трансформації міжнародних відносин під впливом гібридних загроз, цифрових викликів і зростаючого напруження між суверенітетом держав та міжнародними імперативами. Метою дослідження був аналіз трансформації юридичного змісту принципу невтручання, його нормативного закріплення та практичного застосування в умовах сучасних загроз, зокрема в цифровому, гуманітарному та безпековому вимірах. Методологія дослідження базувалась на системно-структурному аналізі, методах правової герменевтики, порівняльного правознавства та кейс-методі з елементами юридичної кваліфікації.
Результати дослідження підтвердили, що принцип невтручання пройшов еволюцію від морально-політичного постулату до чітко кодифікованої норми, зафіксованої в Статуті Організації Об'єднаних Націй, Декларації 1970 р. та резолюціях Генеральної Асамблеї. У справі Нікарагуа проти США принцип невтручання був уперше трактований як така норма, що забороняє не лише збройну, а й непряму форму втручання. У справі Україна проти Росії було встановлено системне порушення державного суверенітету через військову агресію, політичний тиск, економічну експансію та інформаційні операції. Особливий акцент зроблено на українському кейсі як комплексному прикладі багаторівневого втручання, що охоплює класичну агресію, кібероперації та втручання у вибори. Аналіз цифрового суверенітету, зокрема через акти Європейського Союзу, показав, що міжнародне право не має узгодженого підходу до захисту держав від транснаціонального впливу цифрових платформ. Виявлено тенденцію до перегляду меж допустимого втручання у випадках гуманітарних катастроф, що вимагає узгодження із принципом суверенітету.
Дослідження засвідчило необхідність оновлення нормативних стандартів та зміцнення механізмів відповідальності за порушення цього принципу. Практичне значення дослідження полягає у використанні його висновків для підготовки змін до міжнародних договорів та процедур, що регламентують межі допустимого втручання і захист державного суверенітету в умовах сучасних загроз
Ключові слова
колективна безпека; кібербезпека; гібридна війна; суверенітет; інтервенція
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ЦИТУВАТИ
Xhelili, S.
(2025).
Normative significance of the principle of non-intervention in contemporary international law.
Foreign Affairs,
35(6),
42-54.
https://doi.org/10.59214/ua.fa/6.2025.42