Політичний вплив енергетичного переходу в ЄС: геополітичний аналіз

Фісник Бровіна

Політичний вплив енергетичного переходу в ЄС: геополітичний аналіз

Анотація

Метою проведеного дослідження було встановлення геополітичних наслідків для міжнародної спільноти в рамках переходу до «зеленої» енергії в Європі. Методами проведеного дослідження були документальний аналіз, контент-аналіз, порівняльний метод та системний аналіз. Результати дослідження продемонстрували, що енергетичний перехід у Європейському Союзі відображає довготривалу тенденцію до інтеграції та лібералізації ринку енергоресурсів, яка бере початок ще з середини ХХ століття. Аналіз еволюції нормативно-правової бази засвідчив, що початково увага приділялася створенню єдиного ринку, однак у XXI столітті пріоритетами стали екологічна стійкість та вуглецева нейтральність. Також були досліджені геополітичні події, зокрема повномасштабне вторгнення Росії в Україну, що суттєво змінило енергетичний баланс ЄС. Аналіз тенденцій засвідчив, що Європейський Союз суттєво скоротив залежність від російських енергоресурсів, що, призвело до зміни глобальних енергетичних потоків і переорієнтації Росії на азійські ринки. У відповідь на цей виклик ЄС активізував диверсифікацію постачань, збільшуючи обсяги імпорту традиційних енергоресурсів з США та Норвегії. Китайським урядом також були отримані певні вигоди, а саме зміцнення позицій у експорті сонячних панелей до Європейського Союзу, які є вкрай важливими для енергетичного переходу. Було узагальнено, що енергетичний перехід сформував новий політичний баланс, де «зелені» економіки прагнуть співпрацювати з такими самим економіками, прикладами чого є співпраця між ЄС, Чилі, Австралією. Проте проблемою залишається боротьба за критично важливі ресурси, запаси яких малі в надрах та власності переважної кількості світових демократій. Проведене дослідження може бути використаним для проведення лекційних та практичних занять по спеціальностям міжнародні відносини та міжнародне право

Ключові слова

критичні матеріали; конкуренція; вуглецева нейтральність; корисні копалини; енергетична залежність

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