Перспективи реформи Ради Безпеки ООН

Олег Опанасенко

Перспективи реформи Ради Безпеки ООН

Анотація

Метою дослідження було комплексне вивчення перспектив реформи Ради Безпеки Організації Обʼєднаних Націй з урахуванням її реакції та ролі у ключових військових конфліктах 2011-2024 років. Було проведено детальний аналіз реакції Ради Безпеки на конфлікти в Сирії, Україні, Ємені, Лівії, Південному Судані, Малі та Мʼянмі, який виявив низку системних проблем у функціонуванні цього органу. Зокрема, встановлено, що право вето постійних членів часто призводить до паралічу в прийнятті рішень, особливо коли конфлікт зачіпає геополітичні інтереси цих держав. Розглянуто основні пропозиції щодо реформування Ради Безпеки, включаючи розширення її складу, реформу права вето, підвищення прозорості роботи та адаптацію мандату до нових викликів безпеки. Оцінка потенційної ефективності цих пропозицій показала, що найбільш радикальні зміни, такі як розширення постійного членства або скасування права вето, стикаються зі значними геополітичними та інституційними перешкодами. Аналіз ключових факторів, що впливають на перспективи реалізації запропонованих реформ, виявив, що геополітичні інтереси ключових держав залишаються головною перешкодою для масштабних структурних змін. Оцінка реалістичності запропонованих реформ у сучасних геополітичних умовах показала, що найбільш імовірними є поступові зміни в напрямку підвищення прозорості, інклюзивності та ефективності роботи Ради. Водночас, масштабні структурні реформи мають низькі шанси на реалізацію в короткостроковій перспективі. Дослідження розширило розуміння комплексної природи процесу реформування Ради Безпеки Організації Обʼєднаних Націй та підкреслило необхідність пошуку компромісних рішень, які б враховували інтереси різних груп держав при збереженні ефективності цього ключового органу глобальної безпеки

Ключові слова

глобальне управління; дипломатія; геополітика; вето; постійне членство; санкції

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ЦИТУВАТИ

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